Israel allegedly spent $46.5 million on a digital influence campaign aimed at shaping how artificial intelligence platforms respond to questions about the Gaza war, according to a report published by Drop Site News.

The report claims that Brad Parscale, former campaign manager for US President Donald Trump, and his firm Clock Tower X managed the campaign under a contract with the Israeli government. The project allegedly focused on promoting Israeli narratives across a network of websites designed to influence AI systems, including ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and Perplexity.

According to documents cited in the report, Clock Tower X published hundreds of articles covering the Gaza conflict, Israel’s military operations, and US-Israel relations.

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AI-Targeted Content Strategy

The report says the websites were created primarily for search engines and AI training systems rather than human readers. By producing searchable content, the campaign allegedly sought to influence responses generated by large language models (LLMs), a technique sometimes described as “LLM poisoning.”

Websites including Allyvia.org, FactSignal.org, and Paxpoint.org reportedly defended Israel’s military campaign, promoted closer US-Israel cooperation, challenged allegations against Israeli actions, and presented pro-Israel viewpoints.

Although the sites attracted limited public traffic, the report says their content was intended to become part of AI knowledge sources.

AI Platforms Allegedly Referenced the Websites

Drop Site reported that some AI services have already cited the network’s content.

According to the report, Perplexity referenced Allyvia.org when answering questions about US-Israel military cooperation, while Microsoft Copilot also cited websites linked to Clock Tower X.

The report further states that content from the network entered Common Crawl, a large public web archive widely used to train AI language models. It says the websites were crawled hundreds of times between January and June, potentially increasing their visibility in AI-generated responses.

Experts Warn About AI Manipulation

Herve Letoqueux, CEO of digital disinformation monitoring organization Check First, said Common Crawl plays a significant role in AI training and has become a potential target for efforts to influence chatbot responses.

He noted that websites presenting well-sourced and moderate-looking content could effectively shape AI-generated answers by offering narratives that chatbots treat as one side of a broader debate.

Report Comes Amid Shifting Public Opinion

The report also highlights declining public support for Israel in the United States since the start of the Gaza war. It says support has weakened across several political groups, including some traditionally viewed as strong supporters of Israel.

The findings add to growing concerns about the potential use of digital influence operations to shape information presented by artificial intelligence systems.