Pakistan-Kuwait are holding talks on a broader defence partnership as both countries explore stronger military cooperation alongside investment and energy security initiatives, according to officials familiar with the discussions.

Officials say both governments have only begun negotiations, and no final agreement exists. They also warn that escalating tensions between the United States and Iran could complicate the discussions.

The proposed framework follows Pakistan’s defence agreement with Saudi Arabia signed last year. Officials in Islamabad continue to debate whether expanding security commitments in the Gulf could affect Pakistan’s long-standing role as a regional mediator.

Pakistan and Kuwait established a limited defence partnership in 2023 that focuses on military training and joint exercises. A Pakistani government official said Kuwait now wants to expand that cooperation through a broader agreement covering defence procurement and enhanced security coordination.

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The official added that Kuwait has expressed interest in stronger defence support, including Pakistani troops, fighter aircraft, drones and air defence systems. However, Pakistani policymakers have not decided whether to commit to cooperation on that scale.

Officials noted that Pakistan built its military partnership with Saudi Arabia over several decades, making any similar arrangement with Kuwait a major strategic decision.

A Middle East report also said both countries are discussing defence procurement, although officials have not confirmed whether the negotiations will produce a formal defence pact.

Pakistan’s sizeable armed forces and expanding domestic defence industry have strengthened the country’s position as a potential security partner for Gulf states seeking to diversify their military partnerships. Officials also consider Pakistan a reliable partner because of its long-standing ties with Saudi Arabia and its stable relationship with the United States.

Meanwhile, Turkey, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia continue drafting a separate multilateral defence framework that would operate independently of Pakistan’s existing bilateral agreement with Riyadh.

Reports also suggest that Bahrain has shown interest in a similar security arrangement, while Jordan is exploring military training and defence procurement cooperation with Pakistan.

Beyond security, Islamabad wants stronger ties with Kuwait to attract foreign investment and strengthen long-term energy cooperation.

Officials said both countries are discussing energy security initiatives, including a bonded fuel storage arrangement that would build on their existing diesel supply partnership.

Although negotiations continue, neither government has announced a timetable for completing the talks or signing a formal agreement.